mediumArraysPattern: Cyclic Sort / Index Hashing
Duplicate Element Identification Solution
Problem Statement
You are given an array of integers `arr` containing elements from 1 to `n`, where `n` is the length of the array. Identify all elements that appear exactly twice in the array and return them in a list.
Constraints
- 1 <= n <= 10^5
- 1 <= arr[i] <= n
Time: O(N) Space: O(1)
Iterate array. For each num, take absolute value as index. If value at that index is negative, num is a duplicate. Else, negate the value at that index. Time O(N), Space O(1).
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